Jair Bolsonaro has been detained after authorities found he posed a serious risk of fleeing while under home confinement.
The ex-president was found guilty of plotting a armed takeover in September and handed more than a 27-year term in jail, but he remained under confinement pending legal challenges.
Top Judicial Official Alexandre de Moraes said the move to detain the septuagenarian politician was a preventative measure after recent developments were revealed.
This encompassed seeking to disable his ankle monitor and a summons to a demonstration that could facilitate a possible escape.
In a document approving the arrest, Justice Moraes said information from the unit overseeing the former president's confinement suggested the one-time head of state's "intention to break the tracking monitor to guarantee victory in his flight.
This, it said, would be made easier by the confusion caused by the gathering called by his son.
His offspring, Flávio Bolsonaro, who works as a legislator, called for a gathering of his supporters near the former president's residence to take place on Saturday night.
The senator wrote on online platforms on Friday: Will you battle for your homeland, or observe everything from your phone there on your settee? I urge you to battle with us."
He said the vigil would be so followers could offer prayers for his well-being and for the restoration of democratic rule in our land."
Part of Justice Moraes's decision was the possibility of his transfer to embassies near the home, considering that the probes revealed a background of planning to ask for protection through a consular facility", a announcement said.
The legal document underscores that the United States embassy in the national capital, Brasilia, is situated around 8 miles from Bolsonaro's home.
Bolsonaro's legal woes have drawn the ire of fellow conservative nationalist American leader Donald Trump, leading him to implement a half-rate duty on goods coming from Brazil.
He is being held in a national police facility in Brazil's capital city and will experience a custody hearing on the next day.
It was only on the previous day that the his legal team asked the Supreme Court to permit him to complete his entire prison term under house arrest, with tracking devices.
They also petitioned that the former president be allowed to exit his dwelling for healthcare, saying he required frequent medical attention for lung conditions and other health problems.
He was determined responsible of orchestrating a plot aimed at keeping him in power after he lost the presidential race to his left-wing rival, Lula.
High Court judges said that he had knowledge of a plan which encompassed plans to assassinate Lula and his VP candidate, Geraldo Alckmin, and to arrest and execute Alexandre de Moraes - the Supreme Court justice who has been presiding over Bolsonaro's trial.
The scheme was prevented because it couldn't obtain the support of the military leaders. The current president was sworn in without problem on the first day of 2023.
But a following week, on the eighth of January, numerous his backers attacked and damaged public facilities in the federal district, Brasília.
The law enforcement stepped in and around approximately 1,500 persons were detained.
The judges found that the protesters had been encouraged by the former president whose scheme, they said, was for the Brazilian military to take action, bring back stability and reinstate his authority.
At the time, Bolsonaro's lawyers called the over 27-year sentence extremely harsh.
He was also prohibited from running for public office until twenty-sixty - eight years after the conclusion of his imprisonment.
The former president called the legal proceedings a targeted investigation" and said it was designed to prevent him competing in the 2026 national vote.
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